EUDI Wallets – Only One Year to Launch

One year from now, in December 2026, all European Member States have to provide a European Identity Wallet (EUDIW) to their citizens. What is the current status in the various countries? Are they going to meet this deadline? What will the European digital identity landscape look like?

In this overview we share the information we have on the state and progress of the different countries. Over the coming year, we will provide periodic updates and share our insights on other relevant aspects of providing EUDI Wallets. In those updates we will highlight different details: focusing more on technical alignment, national policies or practical procedures. We will also look at the wallets that might become EUDI Wallets, but are not linked to a specific country or Member State. 

For now we limit ourselves to the “readiness” of European countries in providing an EUDIW by December 2026.

Are Member States ready?

Providing an EUDI Wallet is only one of the many things a Member State has to do in the realm of these new digital identities. They also have to set up onboarding to the wallet and issue digital identity attributes on a high level of assurance to the wallet. They have to set up a certification covering all these aspects, ensuring a high level of trust, security and privacy to the users. This needs to fit into a pan-European trust infrastructure, allowing for trustworthy cross-border usage. And they need to write policies for using the wallet, both by their citizens and residents, but also by various service providers (called Relying Parties) who can use the wallets for their services.

Next to supporting the issuance of EUDIW and identity, all governmental services will also have to be able to accept EUDIW from any European country to be used for user authentication. This means that all online governmental services are required to enable users wanting to log on with their EUDI Wallet.

Adoption needs work

Even if all the Member States manage to set up everything needed for EUDIW issuing and onboarding, that doesn’t mean adoption will happen automatically. 

Launching a digital wallet in Europe is complex due to significant differences in citizen attitudes, levels of digital maturity, and openness to EU-led initiatives across member states. While the EU promotes the wallet to reduce fragmentation and deliver collective benefits such as greater convenience, security, privacy, and interoperability—this vision isn’t uniformly embraced by the public. Many citizens remain sceptical, with varying degrees of trust in digital tools, differing levels of digital literacy but also a primary focus on what will directly benefit them. With some populations embracing integration and others viewing it with caution, it will be difficult to craft a one-size-fits-all approach across the EU. National governments must take a role in targeted communication on the EUDI Wallet, aimed at facilitating and accelerating the setup and the use of the wallet by citizens. 

Research done on this by the EWC Large Scale Pilot[1] shows that currently only 29% of EU citizens would adopt the EUDI Wallet. Critical barriers are in UX/UI, where citizens expect the EUDIW to match up to commercial alternatives such as Apple and Google. There’s a desire to see the security and privacy benefits more readily visible in the user experience. And citizens are sceptical about the EU’s intentions for the wallet, with judgements often clouded by wider insecurities about data, technology and the role of Big Tech. This is an opportunity for Europe to enhance trust in the wallet experience and provide value and differentiation versus other alternatives.

Will all Member States be ready in time?

From our research on the progress of the various EU countries, we expect the EUDIW landscape across Europe to be fragmented. Not all wallets will be ready in time to meet the regulatory deadline and not all will be fully aligned to the required technical specifications from the start.

While many countries already have announced their work on wallets and pilots, and some have even rolled out identity-apps or -wallets on a national scale, others have just begun planning or are working without making public announcements yet. 

As Viky Manaila mentions in her article[2], the EUDI Framework Regulation is flexible about how these EUDI Wallets are provided: they can be developed by a Member State government directly, by a private provider under the mandate from a Member State, or independently, as long as they are appropriately certified and recognised by that Member State. 

Several countries have announced they’ll have a system of “open certification”: any wallet solution that adheres to their requirements can get certified as an EUDI Wallet on a national level. This will allow for multiple wallet solutions offered to the citizens in that country, providing a choice on the user level, but also providing fall-back options should one of those solutions become vulnerable or compromised.

Citizens (and in some countries also residents) can only obtain an EUDI Wallet certified by a Member State that also provides their identity. For example: a Greek citizen will not be able to use a German certified wallet for their Greek identity. But they can use their national EUDIW with all European services in any EU country, meaning service providers in Germany, Latvia or Sweden must accept the Greek EUDI Wallets.

All 27 EU Member States have to adhere to the deadline of December 2026 for providing a wallet and digital identity. The European Economic Area (EEA) countries, such as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, have an extension of one year. Countries interested in EU accession, such as those in the Western Balkan region, also will have the extended deadline of December 2027.

Where are the Member States today?

We mapped the progress of the European countries and grouped them into 5 categories of likeliness on meeting the December 2026 deadline (and the 2027 deadline for EEA), varying from “very likely” to “not likely at all”. Our assessment is based on the plans they have publicly communicated so far on providing an EUDI Wallet.

According to overviews of activities regarding providing a (certified) wallet, timelines are very tight: Setting up and notifying a certification scheme should be done early 2026. The draft scheme needs to be evaluated by various relevant stakeholders such as the European Digital Identity Cooperation Group[3] and Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) before it can be operationalised. When that’s done, the CABs can work with the National Accreditation Bodies to set up certification programmes in line with the scope of accreditation. All of this needs to be ready in time to allow for actual assessment and certification of wallet solutions by the end of 2026. 

Some countries have announced to launch their wallet with limited functionalities. This varies from containing only identity (PID), enabling basic identity verification and authentication, to limited other attestations. Such as a mobile driving licence supporting proximity use cases, meaning it can be checked in-person through a designated reader. Or a specific set of governmental attestations, without supporting issuing of private provider’s other attestations to the wallet. 

Several countries already have mobile applications supporting many functionalities of an EUDI Wallet, but are not conformant to the required specifications. This mostly means that issuing data into the wallet by other parties than the government is not possible. Additionally, the ability to request data from the wallet is restricted and does not adhere to the open standards specified in the EUDIW specifications. 

All of those countries state they will support full functionalities as outlined, and align to the required protocols, but at a much later date. This roughly varies from 3-5 years after launch.

Since this landscape is rapidly evolving, we will continue monitoring the developments and provide updates to this article.

Status of each Member State regarding the launch of the EUDI Wallet

1 – Very likely to happen

These are the countries that are on top of the EUDIW and have feasible plans to launch everything that is needed.

• Austria
  • Austria currently has 2 solutions in production that can be converged to align to the EUDIW specifications.
  • ID Austria is the national electronic identity solution provided by the Austrian government, enabling citizens to securely authenticate themselves online and sign documents digitally. It has most of the EUDIW functions already.
  • eAusweise supports the mobile driving license (mDL) and the app now supports digital vehicle registration certificates, age verification and identity verification.
• France
  • EUDI Wallet capabilities will be built on top of France Identité, an application (in production) allowing users to create an online version of their identity cards which also act as an eID on Level of Assurance (LoA) high. It is also capable of sharing a driving licence.
  • They are looking into the possibilities of adding lower LoA to facilitate ease of adoption.
• Germany
  • A national wallet is under development, supported by a large community of stakeholders.
  • Germany publishes their architecture, documentation and source code.
  • They will also have an 'open certification', allowing other wallets to be certified. Samsung, Google and Siros Foundation publicly announced their plans to become alternative EUDIW providers.
• Greece
  • Gov.gr Wallet is a mobile application in production, through which you can create, save and check digital documents (identity, driving licence, disability, academics, and others). National legislation ensures full equivalence to paper versions.
  • It is not aligned to the EUDIW specs. The EUDIW conformant version will be based on the reference implementation and built on top of the Gov.gr Wallet
• Italy
  • Italy has the IO App, which serves as the primary mobile interface for Italian public services and is the designated foundation for Italy's EUDI Wallet.
  • The IO app is a single mobile touchpoint for citizens to interact with numerous Italian public administration services. It functions as a secure messaging platform, a payment portal for government services, and a document wallet.
  • Public documentation is available.

2 – Likely to happen, but there are some more concerns

• Belgium
  • MyGov.be is the single app covering all the federal public services (in production). It can be activated through the national eID (beID) or Itsme.
  • The application can be used to access official documents, certificates and personal data.
  • It was launched early as a mobile application for beID and is not aligned to the EUDIW specifications.
• Estonia
  • A national wallet is under development.
  • Estonia has asked stakeholder input and made various analyses supporting this development
• Finland
  • A national wallet is under development, currently in beta phase.
  • The wallet will support an eID functionality and support a mobile driving license.
  • Features will be gradually extended after the launch.
• Iceland (EEA)
  • Iceland has the Ísland.is app – an existing mobile solution supporting identity, driving license, certificates and QES.
  • As part of the Extended Economic Area, Iceland has an extra year for meeting the requirements.
• Ireland
  • A wallet under development based on the existing MyGovID infrastructure.
  • Ireland has successfully completed a pilot of its national digital identity wallet involving over 500 public servants who volunteered for the testing. The Irish government is now considering its official launch. Focus is on mDL.
• Liechtenstein (EEA)
  • Liechtenstein has an eID app supporting identity, driving licence and QES and also the cross-border commuter registration confirmation. This solution will be adapted to an EUDI Wallet.
  • As part of the Extended Economic Area, Liechtenstein has an extra year for meeting the requirements.
• Norway (EEA)
  • Norway is running a "concept study" to determine their strategy. The study should be done by end of 2025 or early 2026.
  • They also are setting up a “sandbox” to work on practical implementations of various use cases with collaboration of public and private sector as well as engagement with the Large Scale Pilots.
  • As part of the Extended Economic Area, Norway has an extra year for meeting the requirements.
• Poland
  • Poland has mObywatel in production, a wallet application offering access to many online public services and electronic documents. It supports identity, driving licence and QES. It will be migrated to an EUDI Wallet.
• Portugal
  • Gov.pt is the app of the Portuguese public administration providing access to various digital identity, authentication and digital signature services. It will be upgraded to an EUDI Wallet.
• Sweden
  • A national wallet is under development, based upon the EUDIW Reference Implementation.
  • Sweden will set up a system of “open certification”, allowing for private sector wallet solutions to engage in their national scheme.
  • They are currently testing demo applications in a sandbox-setup.
• Switzerland
  • Switzerland is not part of the EU (3rd country).
  • The Swiyu wallet is the official Swiss federal digital wallet designed to securely store and manage your e-ID (electronic identity) and other digital credentials.
  • After a public testing phase, the Swiyu wallet is expected to be fully rolled out from summer 2026 onwards.

3 – Might happen

These countries are working on legislation and development, but they probably will not meet the Dec 2026 deadline for all required services and functionalities.

• Cyprus
  • Cyprus has a digital services app “Digital Citizen” allowing citizens to obtain and store official documents in digital format for legal use within the country. This application includes biometric identity card, driving license and vehicle roadworthiness certificates (MOT).
  • Cyprus is aligning “Digital Citizen” to the Greek “Gov.gr Wallet” for the mutual recognition of documents.
• Denmark
  • AltID will be the national wallet and is under development.
  • The application will be implemented in 3 phases. The first version expected to launch in the spring 2026 with limited functionalities.
  • AltID will act as an eID and support age verification.
• Hungary
  • The DÁP (Digitális Állampolgár, or "Digital Citizen") mobile application is the official government app that serves as the gateway to the Hungarian Digital Citizenship Program, allowing citizens to handle an increasing number of official matters online.
  • It supports various functions, such as eID and digital signatures, and mainly acts as access to the various public services and databases.
• Latvia
  • Latvia developed an EUDIW prototype that has been used in the Large Scale Pilots.
  • They plan to release an initial version with basic functionality by December 2026. The implementation period runs until 2029.
• Luxembourg
  • A national wallet is under development. This could be based on the LuxTrust infrastructure and/or the GouvID application (a mobile application for eID cards).
  • Luxembourg’s public trust infrastructure agency INCERT is partnering with HOPAE on wallet services.
• Malta
  • Malta is fast-tracking a governmental EUDI Wallet to meet the deadline.
  • Initial functionalities at launch will focus on identity and age verification, as required by the 2026 EUDI deadline, while more advanced features (such as transport cards, driving license, or multi-device access) may arrive in subsequent waves beyond 2026.
• Netherlands
  • The governmental NL wallet is under development (with publication of source code).
  • The Netherlands ran several end-user pilots with municipal data.
  • The Dutch government has stated that the Dutch wallet will not meet the deadlines and the first release will not meet all requirements.
  • NL will support a system of “open certification”, allowing for private sector wallet solutions to engage in their national scheme.
• Spain
  • Spain launched MiDNI, the mobile version of DNI, supporting eID and signing functionalities. The applications providesprovide access to the DNI database and fetches attributes in real time.
  • No formal publications on whether this will be developed into an EUDIW, but there is work in progress. This could include the use of Cartera Digital Beta and/or the Veridas Nexus digital wallet.

4 – Unlikely to happen on time

There is some movement, but serious concerns on the feasibility of meeting the deadline.

• Croatia
  • Certilia, a mobile digital identity solution, already supports a wide range of credentials including eID, health insurance cards and student cards.
  • Croatia is currently working on upgrading their Digital Information Infrastructure (DII) to align to the EUDIW framework.
• Czech Republic
  • eDoklady is a mobile application that allows users to create digital versions of identity credentials and certificates. It functions as an eID and will be upgraded to an EUDI Wallet.
  • Czechia opened an RFP on consulting, software development and support for their EUDIW development and provisioning.
• Lithuania
  • A national wallet prototype was presented after participating in the Large Scale Pilots.
  • Lithuania is running an analysis/study. Stage I and II of this analysis should be concluded by the end of this year.

5 – Very unlikely to happen

Serious concerns about the feasibility of meeting the deadline given the status of legislation and development.

• Bulgaria
  • Will start working soon on a prototype EUDIW based on the reference implementation.
  • Draft law in preparation, establishing the Supervisory Body and the option for the EUDIW to be developed either by the state or by a private provider.
• Romania
  • No official plans that we are aware of.
• Slovakia
  • No official plans that we are aware of, although they did participate in the Large Scale Pilots.
• Slovenia
  • No official plans that we are aware of, although they did participate in the Large Scale Pilots.

Countries to look at and best practices to follow

Germany

The absolute front runner is of course Germany. They have been working not only on wallet development, but also on the EUDIW ecosystem architecture for quite a few years now. And all the while they have been very openly communicating about their efforts, findings and issues, both to a national and to an international audience, actively engaging stakeholders and asking for input.

The German EUDI Wallet is developed by the Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat (BMI) (Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community), with technical implementation managed by the Bundesdruckerei Gruppe (BDR). BMI is publishing information on the EUDIW ecosystem in Germany[4] and on the EUDIW architecture[5].

The German EUDI Wallet will be a mobile application that allows citizens to store their national identity card, driving license, and other official credentials on their smartphones. It builds on the proven security of the German eID card's online function, aiming to provide a secure and user-friendly way to prove identity online and in person, both nationally and across the EU.

The national EUDI wallet will gradually become usable by 2027 and will continually expand its functions. The first core function of the mobile app wallet will be identification. Citizens will also be able to produce digital documents and sign them with a qualified electronic signature (QES).

SPRIN-D

In parallel to the development of the EUDIW, there is also development of the EUDIW ecosystem as a central focus. This project is managed by the Federal Ministry for Digital Affairs and Public Sector Modernization (BMDS). Implementation is carried out by SPRIN-D[6] in cooperation with partners to establish an open, secure, and future-proof EUDI wallet ecosystem in Germany.

SPRIN-D has issued a call for tenders for a central scope of work that will enable the further expansion of the national wallet[7].

SRPIN-D ran the Funke Challenge, the goal of which was to develop and test technical solutions for future German EUDI Wallets in the form of prototypes. It was an innovation competition that generated valuable insights. 

With the conclusion of the SPRIND Funke, the next phase begins. Later this year, the EUDI Wallet Sandbox will go live — a testing environment where companies and public institutions can try out the wallet in real-world scenarios for the first time. At launch, digital identification through so-called Person Identification Data (PID) will be possible. The aim is to actively involve business, academia, and public administration – and to inspire them to develop their own use cases. Because only when a diverse ecosystem with many real-life applications emerges will the wallet truly arrive in citizens’ everyday lives – and unfold its full potential.

France

France is a great runner-up to Germany. They launched France Identité[8] in February 2024, an application that allows users to create an online version of their identity cards. This works with the new small-format national ID cards. It does not replace physical cards. Users must be over 18 and have a compatible smartphone.

France Identité is managed by France Titres, l’Agence nationale des titres sécurisés (the National Agency for Secure Documents). It is supported by the ministries of the Interior, Justice, Public Transformation and State Reform, Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty, and the Ministry in charge of Digital Transition and Telecommunications. This long list of supporters is very relevant to allow for all the use cases that currently work with this application:

• Digital Identity Card
• Authentication to digital public services
• Single-use identity document (replacing photocopies to be sent by mail or shared online)
• Digital driving license
• Digital vehicle registration
• Digital health insurance card
• Proving identity on trains
• Online voting proxy

At this moment France Identité requires a physical identification for the eID on LoA high, which will make adoption hard. They are aware of this and are looking into solutions for adding LoAs low and substantial without in-person identification requirements.

Recently a sandbox build of France Identité[9] was released to support early testing of PID presentation, both in proximity and online use cases. This build is designed for hands-on experimentation: presenting a PID to real verifiers, exploring user journeys, and validating concrete end-to-end flows ahead of the EUDI Wallet deployment.

The group in the middle

When looking at the current landscape of digital maturity and eID adoption, there are some unexpected listings in the middle of the rankings. Countries such as Denmark and The Netherlands typically score quite high on these lists. So how come they are ranked lower in this overview? This is mainly because they announced that they will not be completely ready in December 2026.

The Danish Agency for Digital Government recently announced AltID[10] to be launched in the spring of 2026. The first version will have limited functionalities, focusing primarily on online and proximity age verification with interoperability with EU Age Verification solution. Introducing an age verification and ID app led to a public debate in Denmark with many concerns on surveillance and state control. This debate will continue and impact the development and future releases, which are planned on a 3-5 year roadmap.

Meanwhile, the Danish residents already have extensive public digital tools to support their daily life. Applications such as MitID, e-Boks, Rejsekort, the digital health card and various healthcare apps support their current online needs. AltID will need to provide significant added value to be adopted on a large scale.

The Netherlands started working on the NL wallet in 2022 and shared their documentation and source code on GitHub[11]. They ran several end-user pilots with municipal data and shared the results[12]. Earlier this year though, the Dutch government published a report stating that the Dutch wallet will not meet all requirements (such as supporting credentials from issuers).

The good news here is that The Netherlands will support a system of “open certification”, allowing for private sector wallet solutions to engage in their national scheme. A group of experts was formed to draw up the national certification requirements and schemes for EUDI Wallets in The Netherlands under direction of TNO[13] (a Dutch organisation for applied research). There are currently no indications that the open certification will be delayed.

Countries at the bottom

The countries in the lower rankings will most likely not be able to meet the December 2026 deadline. But they might still surprise us. Some of them have plans for public tenders, inviting existing solution providers to deliver a wallet solution and the needed services to support a launch. Others will be looking towards additional support from the European Commission. 

The Commission has decided to launch an additional call for proposals for large scale pilot project(s) to support cooperation between Member States on wallet development and certification and to promote the integration of mobile driving licenses into EU Digital Identity Wallets[14]. Its main objective is to ensure the timely issuance of wallets in all Member states at the end of 2026.

A consortium is being formed that will start working shortly on various key deliverables in the areas of governance, wallet development, certification, sandbox testing and standardisation that will hopefully help a lot of countries to accelerate their current programmes.

Everything is very much in flux

The information mentioned in this writing is a snapshot at the end of 2025: all countries are working hard to meet the December 2026 deadline and new information becomes available almost on a daily basis. 

Are we correct in our assessment and classification? Probably not completely given the many uncertainties and gaps in available information. Time will tell and we’ll keep monitoring new information and updates.

How will adoption and uptake happen? Again, there are currently too many uncertainties to make a good assessment. 

There are still many questions left open to answer. At this point in time, there are no certified wallets in existence, as the national certifications schemes will not be available until next year. There is almost no information on national policies regarding identity issuing and onboarding of users to the wallets. And we’re also very curious about how registration of relying parties that want to use the wallets will be handled.

Things are bound to change often and rapidly over the next year. Many uncertainties will clear up over time. We’ll do our best to keep you updated, so pay attention to our follow-up publications.

About the authors

Viky Manaila and Esther Makaay have been collaborating in various Large Scale Pilots (WE BUILD, EWC and NOBID) and are teaming up for this research with their extensive knowledge on legislation and specifications.

Viky Manaila is Trust Services Director at Intesi Group. She is an international expert in electronic signatures, digital identity and digital transformation, focused on enabling trusted electronic business globally. She has served as a technical expert to the European Commission on Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (eIDAS), including electronic identity assurance and the design and roll out of cross border e procurement platforms and operations. She also contributed to assessing the impact of the eIDAS revision, supporting the development of the European Digital Identity Framework, often referred to as eIDAS 2.0. With in depth knowledge of regulation, technology and policy worldwide, she participates in high level working groups convened by the European Commission, ETSI, the World Economic Forum and the Open Wallet Foundation, and has contributed to standardisation efforts that advance the global acceptance of European Trust Services through interoperability and cross border legal recognition.

Esther Makaay is Vice President of Digital Identity at Signicat. She is the recipient of the IDnext Identity Lifetime Achievement Award, recognising her years of dedication to the identity community. She contributes to the EU Digital Identity Wallet ecosystem through initiatives including the EU Wallet Consortium and the WE BUILD Large Scale Pilot, with a particular interest in business use cases and the role of payments in wallet adoption. She regularly shares practical takeaways on the evolving wallet ecosystem, large scale pilots, and mandatory acceptance through webinars, live sessions, and industry commentary.

Useful links for further reading

• EUDI Framework Regulation: The regulation on the European Digital Identity Framework
• EC information on EUDIW: Read more on the EUDI Wallets on this website by the European Commission

Sources

[1]https://ec.europa.eu/digital-building-blocks/sites/spaces/EUDIGITALIDENTITYWALLET/pages/920064565/LSP-EWC

[2] https://medium.com/@vikymanaila/18-months-to-launch-is-europe-ready-for-the-eu-digital-id-wallet-b8ac4116747e

[3] https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-digital-identity-cooperation-group 

[4] https://bmi.usercontent.opencode.de/eudi-wallet/eidas-2.0-architekturkonzept/

[5] https://gitlab.opencode.de/bmi/eudi-wallet

[6] https://www.sprind.org/en/eudi-wallet

[7] https://ted.europa.eu/de/notice/-/detail/541692-2025

[8] https://france-identite.gouv.fr/

[9] https://playground.france-identite.gouv.fr/

[10] https://digst.dk/it-loesninger/altid/

[11] https://minbzk.github.io/nl-wallet/main/index.html

[12] https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2025/02/17/beproeving-met-de-publieke-nl-wallet and https://www.nldigitalgovernment.nl/news/municipal-source-data-successfully-linked-to-eudi-wallet/ 

[13] https://edi.pleio.nl/news/view/4279e2bd-b6c9-4206-b1d0-bdf1d3187b6f/call-for-experts-werkgroep-certificeringseisen-edi-wallets-eidas2

[14] https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/topic-details/DIGITAL-2025-BESTUSE-TECH-09-WALLET and https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/topic-details/DIGITAL-2025-BESTUSE-TECH-09-MDL